四级语法讲座3：从句课件.ppt

重点三? 定 语 从 句;从 句 (重点三? 定 语 从 句) ;1. who, whom, whose指人，在从句中分别作主语（在非正式英语中也可作宾语,但可省略）、宾语和定语；whose也可指物，作定语；that可指人，也可指物，在从句中可作主语，也可作宾语；which指物，在从句中可作主语，也可作宾语。注意：whom, that, which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例句: ;1）The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 2) The man (who) I saw is called Smith. 3) I know the man (whom) you mean. 4) A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 5) Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 6) A letter that is written in pencil is hard to read. 7) The letter (that) I received from him yesterday is very important. 8) Is he the man that sells eggs? 9) That is the boy (that) you are looking for.;2. When 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在从句中都作状语。例如： 1) We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. 2) He has reached the point where a change is needed. 3) That is no reason why you should leave.;定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。限定性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面修饰、限定先行词，它与先行词之间没有逗号，去掉后会影响全句意思的完整性。非限定性定语从句用来解释、说明先行词或主句所指内容，与先行词之间用逗号隔开。 1) I like to chat with John, who is a clever fellow. 2) Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.;III．定语从句中的四级考点:;2. that, which 和as;3. which和whom在从句中作介词的宾语;4. 介词＋which的结构可代替定语从句中的引导词when和where。 a. He was born in Germany where(in which) he stayed for 12 years. b. She arrived at 12 o’clock when(at which) it was raining hard. 5.but, than也可作关系代词。 a. You spent more money than was intended to be spent. b. There are very few but admire his talents.（很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。but = who dont） 从历年四级词汇语法考点中分析可知，定语从句出现的频率很高，主要集中在以上所讲的定语从句的特殊用法中，因此需重点掌握这些。;四级真题 定语从句 ;1. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,____, of? course, made others jealous. (93/06/59) ?A) who?????? B) that??????? C) what??????? D) which? D)? 题意：海伦对她最小的孩子要比别的孩子好得多，这当然让其他孩子嫉妒了。 解析：本题中which是关系代词，引导一个非限定性定语从句，指代前面整句话的意思。 ????????????????? 2.____ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.? (93/06/67) ?A)That????? B) Which?????? C) As????????? D) It??????? C)? 题意：全世界的人都知道马克?吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。 解析：As和which都可引导非限定定语从句，whi