电子专业英语part2课件.ppt

Part2 Communications;Unit 11 Internet;因特网：是一个用来描述跨65个国家　成千上万的计算机的术语。有些人将它比作一个单一的实体，这不正确。因特网一直在发展，不断进行自我更新、改造。; Ordinarily a collection of thousands of computers world wide might not attract so much attention. However people are using this new medium in ways that was not possible a mere five years ago.;因特网的基本构件： 　　主机 　　路由器 　　客户机 　　连接;数据从计算机以“数据包”的形式发送出去。你可以把“数据包”比做信封，它携带你的数据及目的地址和返回地址。计算机为你处理数据包，这些是在后台处理，你根本感觉不到。;路由器的作用： 从计算机发出的信息包中读出目的地址，然后将信息包发往合适的地址。 有的时候，数据在最终到达目的地址之前可能会经过几个路由器; 连接的概念：描述如何实现从一个点连到另一个点的术语。 对于网络工程师而言，连接包括不同的技术：电话线、光纤 综合业务数字网、帧中继、卫星链路。 ;Fortunately, for this author and you, we do not need to know anything about the connection other than it exists.;因特网有多大？每天都有新的系统及新成员的增加。 据估计，仅在美国就有27,500,000人连接到因特网。仅在美国就有150,000个独立的域名。;Some of the largest Internet Search Engines have over 30 million web documents listed, with an annual growth rate exceeding 28%.;In the newsgroups there are over 15,000 distinct and different groups in which to exchange ideas and conversation. There are 65 countries currently connected to the Internet.;Exercise:;Unit 12 TCP/IP Networks;Modern networking applications require a sophisticated approach to carrying data from one machine to another. If you are managing a machine that has many users, each of whom may wish to simultaneously connect to remote hosts on a network, you need a way of allowing them to share your network connection without interfering with each other.;分组交换：分组（即一小块数据）在通过网络链路时发生交换，通过各用户交替传送分组，实现多用户共享同一条网络链路。 现在许多的网络协议都用这种技术。;The approach that a large number of modern networking protocols use is called packet switching. A packet is a small chunk of data that is transferred from one machine to another across the network. The switching occurs as the datagram is carried across each link in the network. A packet-switched network shares a single network link among many users by alternately sending packets from one user to another across that link.;When talking about TCP/IP networks you will hear the term d