manhattan语法笔记概要.docx

Manhattan语法笔记By SheilaChapter 1 Sentence correction BasicsUnderstand the Sentence, Then Split the Answer理解句意后，给选项分类读原句，完全理解句子 (discrepancy; leap out)垂直浏览选项以分类 (split; local; totally)选择一个容易的类别开始 (ideally; herring)在第一类别中作出决定(resolve)写下ABCDE，删掉你排除的选项(bullet)重新分类剩下的选项，直到只剩下一个answer为止把选项放入原句中看是否正确 (aversion)Put Your Answer Back In把答案放入检查GMAT总是把重要的单词放在离划线部分很远的地方。Chapter 2 Grammar MeaningGrammar: 句子坚持的标准书面英语规则Meaning: 正确的答案能够解决原句中模棱两可的意思，但不应该改变作想要表达的意思Meaning: Choose Your Words选择合适的单词1.Cousin words and expressions:economic(monetary)economical(thrifty;efficient) aggravate(worsen)aggravating(irritating)known as(named)known to be(acknowledge as)loss of(no longer in possession of)loss in(decline in value)mandate (command)have a mandate (have authority form voters)native of (person from)native to (species that originated in)range of (variety of)ranging (varying)rate of (speed or frequency of)rates for (prices for)rise (general increase)raise (a bet or a salary increase in American English)try to do (seek to accomplish)try doing(experiment with)2.Helping Verbs:注意情态动词！只交换情态动词就会改变句子意思。比如：may, will, must, and should.比如：Actual: If Chris and Jed met, they discussed mathematics.Hypothetical: If Chris and Jed met, they would discuss mathematics.第一个句子：说的人不确定两个人是否碰面了，但如果前面事情发生了，后面事情必定发生；第二个句子：预测两个人碰面之后的结果Meaning: Place Your Words单词的位置要适当改变句子中单词的位置也会改变句意。比如：All the children are covered in mud.The children are all covered in mud.GMAT句子中出现连续两个to引导的介词短语，错误率比较大，注意句子是否正确。GMAT中主动优先于被动。Meaning: Match Your Words单词之间要匹配主谓一致代词指代一致Meaning: Avoid Redundancy避免语义重复GMAT不允许在句子中出现重复意思的单词。比如：rise和increase; sum和total.时间表述：Past:previouslyformerlyin the pastbefore nowPresent:nowcurrentlypresentlyat presentYearly:annualeach yeara yearWhat About Concision?关于简洁考试中不到万不得已不能选择最短的选项，GMAT会故意让最短的选项有过度简短的错误。Chapter 3 Subject-Verb Agreement每个句子中都必须有一个主语和一个谓语，且主语和谓语必须单复数一致。Subject and Verb Must Both Exist主语谓语必须都存在不完整的句子：GMAT最常考的错误就是丢掉谓语动词。单独一个过去分词不能作为谓语动词。一个句子由连接词开始，却没有主句。Subject and Verb Must Make Sense Together主谓