Stress概要.ppt

Suprasegmental features超音段特征 Group 6 张巧丽，谢小燕，李梦飞 Many significant sound contrasts are not the result of differences between phonemes音位, but the result of other things. E.g. Stress重音 Intonation语调 Sound contrasts that extend over several segments音段 (phonemes音位) are called suprasegmentals超音段音位. Stress重音 Definition: Stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence. . Properties: Increased loudness and vowel length, full articulation of the vowel, and changes in pitch. Stress at the word level Word stress/lexical stress词重音is the stress placed on a given syllable in a word. Word stress patterns in different languages Fixed stress固定重音: The stress on virtually any multisyllable word falls on a particular syllable. The position of the stress can usually be predicted by a simple rule. Czech捷克语, Finnish芬兰语, Icelandic and Hungarian: on the first syllable Polish波兰语: on the penultimate倒数第二的 syllable Some languages are considered to lack lexical stress entirely无重音. E.g. French: stress is placed on the final syllable of a string of words and hence also on the last syllable of a word analyzed in isolation. French has no lexical stress. Mandarin Chinese Variable stress自由重音: The position of stress in a word is not predictable. The position of stress in a word is less predictable. It must be memorized as part of the pronunciation of an individual word. E.g. English, German, Russian Variable stress is phonemic, in that it can serve to distinguish otherwise identical words. Some nouns and verbs are spelled alike but are pronounced differently: the stress falls on different syllables. Nouns have first syllable stress, verbs second. Stress at a higher level Sentence stress句重音/prosodic stress韵律重音 refers to stress patterns that apply at a higher level than the individual word – namely within a prosodic unit. Phrasal stress短语重音 Compound nouns VS