TPD Lecture 6-Environmental旅游开发与管理课件.ppt

TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Lecture 6: Environmental Planning Today’s Lecture Environment in society Environment tourism 3 types of relationship Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Case study: Tourism and environment in the Himalayas Environmental Consciousness Increase in last 100 yrs and especially the last 20yrs…. Preservation of historic buildings and townscapes, and need to establish wilderness and national park areas Conservation movement 19th Century Values of Natural Areas Utilitarian – valued for usage or resources Romantic – valued for beauty and aesthetics (Hall McArthur, 1996) World’s First National Parks Yellowstone (USA) – 1872 The National Park – later called Royal (Australia) – 1879 Banff (Canada) – 1885 (Eagles, 1995) Key Events in Australian Environmental Parks History 1864 – Marsh’s book published on land water degradation 1879 – The National Park (Royal) (NSW) declared 1906 – Mt Tambourine Bunya Mountains National Parks declared 1909 – Wildlife Preservation Society of Australia established 1944 – Kosciusko State Park declared – largest single protected area in Australia at the time 1948 – IUCN established 1962 – 1st World Congress on National Parks held in Seattle, USA 1965 – Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) formed 1968 – 10 million ha of Australia reserved as protected areas 1972 – World Heritage Convention established 1974 – Lake Pedder flooded 1974 – Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (Qld) declared 1975 – Australian National Parks Wildlife Service established 1979 – Kakadu National Park (Stage 1) declared 1982-83 – Franklin River blockade, Federal Govt intervenes to to halt the Gordon-below-Franklin dam 1983 – Sustainable Development advocated by a UN commission “Our Common Future” 1992 – “Agenda 21” an action plan for Sustainable Development 1997 – 60 million ha of Australia reserved as protected areas 1997 – World Heritage List includes 500 sites; Australia has 13 Present Day Values of Natural Areas C