session_12__meaning_and_context课件.ppt

Session 12 Meaning and Context; Content;Warming-up!;Meaning and Context;Meaning and Context;Two types of contexts;Two types of contexts;Linguistic context;Example: paper;Grammatical context;Extra-linguistic context;Extra-linguistic context;Extra-linguistic context;Functions of context;Eliminating ambiguity;Eliminating ambiguity;Eliminating ambiguity; Conveying emotional overtones Some appreciative word may acquire unfavorable meaning in certain contexts. 听完二乐子的满口秽言，小李不无讽刺的说：“你真是出口 成章呀！” Some derogatory word may acquire appreciative meaning in certain context. 当他听完高一民关于利用激光侦破走私光盘的设想后, 不禁 猛地拍了高一民一掌说：“好一个大野心家, 我怎么没发现你 呀！”; Conveying emotional overtones Some neutral word can in certain contexts acquire favorable or unfavorable emotional overtones. 如今的海外华人，?一提到“中国”二字就感到无限的骄傲和自 豪。骄傲是成功的头号敌人。???  他对上级下达的任务，常常是应付了事，置若罔闻。这类事情 不好应付，得想个万全之策才行。 类似“骄傲”、“应付”之类的词很多，诸如：旁若无人、移花接 木、曝光、委曲求全、寿终正寝等等，这类词的感情色彩必须 在语境中区分，不可能单独拿出来问它们的感情色彩，更不能 武断的判其为中性词。 ;A large number of deictic words such as now/there, here/there, this/that, are often used to refer directly to the personal, temporal or locational characteristics of the situation. Without clear context, the reference can be very confusing.; Contexts can help identify the referents of pronouns. Betty, Mary and Alice are classmates. Betty told Mary that Alice was angry. She said it secretly. But she didn’t believe her. But she was not angry. ;Clues for Inference of Word Meaning;?Definition;Explanation;Exemplification;Synonymy;Antonymy; Hyponymy;Relevant details;Word structure