Vector analysis电磁场向量分析课件.ppt

;1. Directional Derivative Gradient ; In rectangular coordinate system, the gradient of a scalar field ? can be expressed as ; The surface integral of the vector field A evaluated over a directed surface S is called the flux through the directed surface S, and it is denoted by scalar ?, i.e.; From physics we know that;Where “div” is the observation of the word “divergence”, and ?V is the volume closed by the closed surface. It shows that the divergence of a vector field is a scalar field, and it can be considered as the flux through the surface per unit volume. ;嘶菏双浩掘丁讯甫诱耳甘撤场偏茅烛钡嘎惕蓑返殆郑坝据糠蛹肮涪踞暖怨Vector analysis电磁场向量分析课件Vector analysis电磁场向量分析课件;Using the operator ?, the divergence can be written as; The line integral of a vector field A evaluated along a closed curve is called the circulation of the vector field A around the curve, and it is denoted by ?, i.e.; From physics, we know that the circulation of the magnetic flux density B around a closed curve l is equal to the product of the conduction current I enclosed by the closed curve and the permeability in free space, i.e. ;Where en is the unit vector at the direction about which the circulation of the vector A will be maximum, and ?S is the surface closed by the closed line l. ; In rectangular coordinates, the curl can be expressed by the matrix as; A surface integral can be transformed into a line integral by using Stokes’ theorem, and vise versa. ; The field with null-divergence is called solenoidal field (or called divergence-free field), and the field with null-curl is called irrotational field (or called lamellar field).;Which shows that an irrotational field can be expressed in terms of the gradient of another scalar field, or a gradient field must be an irrotational field. ;5. Green’s Theorems ; The first vector Green’s theorem:;The second vector Green’s theorem:;6. Uniqueness Theorem for Vector Fields ;7. Helmholtz’s Theorem ;8. Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordi