Vector analysis电磁场向量分析课件.pptVIP

;1. Directional Derivative Gradient ; In rectangular coordinate system, the gradient of a scalar field ? can be expressed as ; The surface integral of the vector field A evaluated over a directed surface S is called the flux through the directed surface S, and it is denoted by scalar ?, i.e.; From physics we know that;Where “div” is the observation of the word “divergence”, and ?V is the volume closed by the closed surface. It shows that the divergence of a vector field is a scalar field, and it can be considered as the flux through the surface per unit volume. ;嘶菏双浩掘丁讯甫诱耳甘撤场偏