土木工程专业英语翻译第7单元.doc

7 Road Engineering Ⅰ: Road Design Horizontal and Vertical Alignment 道路的平面和纵断面设计 1 Background 本文背景 One definition of a visually attractive and unobtrusive highway is the degree to which the horizontal and vertical alignments of the route have been integrated into its surrounding natural and human environments. This takes careful planning and design, as noted in the AASHTO Green Book: Coordination of horizontal alignment and profile should not be left to chance but should begin with preliminary design, during which adjustments can readily be made ... The designer should-study long, continuous stretches of highway in both plan and profile and visualize the whole in three dimensions. 一条公路是否引人注目取决于这条公路的平面和纵断面设计与周围环境的融合程度，这需要认真的规划和设计，就像AASHTO Green一书中提到的：“水平面的位置和分布的协调不应该由可能性决定，而应该是由容易调整的初步设计决定……”设计者应进行长时间的研究，并具有把整个不断延伸的公路的平面和剖面形象化的展示在三维空间中。 This application of a holistic approach to highway design, where the road is integrated into its surroundings, separates the outstanding project from one that merely satisfies basic engineering design criteria. An excellent description of this holistic design process is contained in the publication Aesthetics in Transportation, from which the following is excerpted: A general rule for designers is to achieve a “flowing” line, with a smooth and natural appearance in the land, and a sensuous, rhythmic continuity for the driver. This effect results from following the natural contours of the land, using graceful and gradual horizontal and vertical transitions, and relating the alignment to permanent features such as rivers or mountains. 这种对于公路设计的整体分析，应用在道路融入周围环境，将杰出的项目从仅仅满足基本的工程设计标准的项目中分离出来等方面。对于一个良好整体设计过程的描述被写在已出版的《Aesthetics in Transportation》一书，摘录如下：一般意义上的设计者是用在地上光滑和自然的外表实现“流动”的线，具有感官上的节奏感和连续性的掌控者。其结果是适应土地的自然轮廓，运用优美渐变的水平和竖直线过渡，并对河水和高山这类永久特征性进行调整。 2 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment Considerations 平面和纵断面设计中的考虑因素 The greatest opportunities for influencing the horizontal and vertical alignments of a highway occur during the plan