从茶叶中提取咖啡因（extraction of caffeine from tea）.docVIP

从茶叶中提取咖啡因（extraction of caffeine from tea） extraction of caffeine from tea First, the purpose of the experiment 1. learn the principles and methods of extracting alkaloids from plants. 2. learn to use fat extractor (Soxhlet extractor) installation and use. 3. practice sublimation method of purifying caffeine. Two 、 experimental principle Tea contains a variety of alkaloids, including caffeine, accounting for about 1%5%. It also contains 11% - 12% tannic acid (aka tannic acid), 0.6% pigment, cellulose, protein and so on. Caffeine is a weak basic compound, soluble in chloroform (12.5%), water (2%) and ethanol (2%), etc.. The solubility of benzene is 1% (5% of hot benzene). Tannins are soluble in water and ethanol, but not soluble in benzene. Caffeine is a purine derivative of heterocyclic compounds. Its chemical name is 1,3,7 - three methyl - 2,6 - two - purine, and its structural formula is as follows: The caffeine containing crystalline water is a colorless acicular crystalline, bitter, soluble in water, ethanol, chloroform and so on. At 100 degrees centigrade, the crystalline water is lost and the sublimation begins. At 120 degrees of sublimation, the sublimation is rather remarkable and rises rapidly at 178. The melting point of anhydrous caffeine is 234.5. In order to extract caffeine in tea, often using appropriate solvents (such as chloroform, ethanol, benzene) continuous extraction in fat extractor, then distilled solvent, the crude caffeine. The crude caffeine also contains some alkaloids and impurities, which can be further purified by sublimation. Caffeine is mainly manufactured by artificial synthesis in industry. It has the effects of stimulating the heart, stimulating the brain and promoting diuresis, so it can act as a stimulant for central nervous system. It is also a component of the compound aspirin (APC) and other drugs. Caffeine can be identified by determination of melting points and spectroscopy. In addition, it can be further confirmed by the pr