托福综合写作肺腑之言-智课教育旗下智课教育.pdfVIP

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料 托福综合写作肺腑之言-智课教育旗下智课教育 托福综合写作主要是考查将阅读和听力部分的内容，构思综合写作 的范文。但是，综合写作并不是简单的语句堆积，还要注意写作的称呼 。 托福综合写作主要是考查将阅读和听力部分的内容，构思综合写作 的范文。但是，综合写作并不是简单的语句堆积，还要注意写作的称呼 ，词汇的使用以及逻辑结构的整理。所以，智课教育小编将从以上三点 和大家分析托福综合写作。 一、基本点： 基本称呼：Author，reading passage; Lecturer, Professor, speaker, 基本反驳词汇： But, However, On the other hand, In contrast, Contrary to, Argument ，According, 基本副词： Completely， Entirely， Directly， 中奖词汇(支持)：Support, Enhance, Uphold, Justify 二、逻辑结构分类及支撑词汇 第一类： R 立论， L反驳 一、定逻辑框架：Challenges/ Deny The lecturer contradicts(开头显得厚重些) the author’s conclusion that R观点, with challenging the three statements made by the author, respectively. 基本词汇： The author states/contends/believes /demonstrate/indicates/holds/ that….. The lecture argues/ opposite this opinion and believes/ contradicts/ casts serious doubt on/ skeptical about the author’s point that 二、论证方法一： 质疑 Lecturer casts serious doubt on the idea that 1. If理论，then there would have to be 相应结论，but there were very few 质疑点。 If hundreds of people were living in the great houses, then there would have to be many fireplaces, where each family did its daily cooking, but there are very few fireplaces. 2. If 理论，why isn’t there 推论? If the great houses were used for storage, why isn’t there more spilled maize on the floor? Why aren’t there more remains of big containers? 论证方法二：直接反驳 Conclusion is unsupported by evidence/isn’t well supported either 1. The presence 论据doesn’ t prove that conclusion. The presence of dinosaur fossils in polar region doesn’t prove the dinosaurs were endotherms. 2. That doesn’t necessary mean 论点. There is another explanation for 论点. That doesn’t necessarily mean dinosaurs were high-energy endotherms built for running. There is another explanation for having legs under the body. 3. ×××× doesn’t have to be / do ××××× to do s