学校教育选择权的理论与实施──美国明州的经验.docVIP

學校教育選擇權的理論與實施──美國明州的經驗 THE THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHOOL CHOICE PROGRAMS IN MINNESOTA 姚振黎 Chen-Li Yao 清雲科技大學 通識教育中心 chenliyao@.tw 摘要 1988年，美國明尼蘇達州制定開放中小學自由登記入學（open enrollment）政策，開創家長為其子女學校教育選擇權（school choice programs）的先聲。學校教育選擇權在美國實施迄今十五年。 開放註冊係經由招生競爭方式，提供家長為其子女教育學習機會與環境之選擇權，促使公立學校改革。為進一步落實家長的教育選擇權，有委辦學校（charter school）的設置，所謂「委辦學校」係透過「公辦民營」的方式經營學校，兼採公有與民營之優點，顧及公平與效率之雙重目標。此外，明州教育選擇權的配套措施還包括了磁力學校（magnet school）與在家自學（home schooling）。 國民教育的學區劃分採強制性分發方式，無形中剝奪了家長為其子女的教育選擇權，國內家長往往以遷戶籍作為因應。展望21世紀教育之新趨勢，學校教育選擇權政策值得台灣在推動教改時之參考與借鏡。 本文寫作係以文獻探討的方式，並實地訪談明州教育相關人員，針對美國實施之經驗，論述學校教育選擇權理論之源起與發展，並以美國明尼蘇達州開放學校自由登記入學、委辦學校、在家自學等整體配套措施進行研究。最後以學校教育選擇權本身所具有多種優點及正反意見，對於台灣實施之啟示與可行性，以供我國教育決策者之參考。  THE THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHOOL CHOICE PROGRAMS IN MINNESOTA Chen-Li Yao Professor, Ching Yun University AbstractIn Minnesota, school choice programs were first formulated at the elementary, middle and high school levels in 1988, expanding the opportunities available for parents, students and teachers. This educational program has now been in operation over a decade in the United States. The options include open enrollment, charter schools and home schooling, thereby providing parents the opportunity to choose the environment they deem most suitable for the education of their children. School choice has, in fact, increased the pressure for reform in the public schools. Because the goal of this program is to carry out the parents’ rights of school choice, charter schools (i.e., publicly owned and privately operated schools) have been established, which have the merits of both public and private schools, and result in greater fairness and efficiency. In addition, school choice also includes home schooling. In the book, School Choice and Urban School Reform, by Peter Cookson and Sonali Shroff, the following conclusion is reached: the quality of a child’s education is determined by where he lives, which sometimes means the loss of the best learning opportunity. To have an e