生物学家威尔逊谈“人类为何像蚂蚁一样,需要抱团”-高级翻译2012年第2次梁译.docVIP

高级翻译第2次（第6周）作业 　参考答案 非关键词译错，扣1分；关键词译错，扣2分。句及段的译错（包括没有翻译），根据重要性及长短，扣3－7分。 一　英译汉 Biologist E.O. Wilson on Why Humans, Like Ants, Need a Tribe 　　　　　 生物学家E.O.威尔逊谈“人类为何像蚂蚁一样，需要结成部落”　 Apr 2, 2012 　　　　　　　Newsweek 美国《新闻周刊》2012年4月2日文章： Have you ever wondered why, in the ongoing presidential campaign, we so strongly hear the pipes calling us to arms? Why the religious among us bristle at any challenge to the creation story they believe? Or even why team sports evoke such intense loyalty, joy, and despair? 你是否曾经好奇过（或想知道）：为什么正在进行的这场总统竞选中，号召我们武装起来（或拿起武器，或加强武装）的高音演讲（或有线广播）声声入耳（或如雷贯耳，或如此强烈地打动人心）？为什么我们中间的宗教人士对任何挑战他们笃信的创世说的言行大为光火（或火冒三丈，或愤恨不已）？或者，为什么连团队间的体育比赛也激起了如此强烈的忠诚感、欣喜（或喜悦）感和绝望感（也可不增译“感”）呢？ The answer is that everyone　must have a tribe, an alliance with which to jockey for power and territory, to demonize the enemy, to organize rallies and raise flags. 答案是：每个人都必须有（或属于）一个部落，一个赖以谋取权力和领土、妖魔化敌人、组织集会、高扬旗帜的联盟。 The drive to join is deeply ingrained, a result of a complicated evolution that has led our species to eusociality(优社会性). “抱团”（或，“抱团与他人竞争”，或“入盟”）的内驱力深深地刻于人心（或，根深蒂固），它是将我们这个物种导向“优社会性”的复杂进化的结果。 Eusociality is an outgrowth of a new way of understanding evolution, which blends traditionally popular individual selection (based on individuals competing against each other) with group selection (based on competition among groups). Individual selection tends to favor selfish behavior. Group selection favors altruistic behavior. “优社会性”是以一种新方式理解进化的必然结果（或自然结果），而这种新方式融合了大家熟知（或传统上人们都接受）的个体选择（基于个体间的竞争）和集体选择（基于集体间的竞争）。个体选择倾向于偏袒自私行为，而集体选择偏袒利他行为。 Thus was born the human condition, selfish at one time, selfless at another, and the two impulses often conflicted. Our history is a mix of altruism, cooperation, competition, domination, reciprocity, defection, and deceit. 人性就这样诞生了：此一时自私，彼一时无私，这两种推动力（或冲动）还经常冲突。我们的历史就是一部无私（或利他主义）、合作、竞争、支配、互惠、背叛和欺骗的混和史。 The tendency to form groups, and then to favor in-group(“里圈子”) members, has the earmarks of instinct. Infants look preferentially at persons