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六甲基六元瓜环及紫精衍生物作用体系及其除草活性探究
六甲基六元瓜环及紫精衍生物作用体系及其除草活性探究摘要:以紫精衍生物为研究对象,利用核磁共振技术、紫外吸收光谱和循环伏安法等方法,发现六甲基六元瓜环包结了紫精衍生物的烷基部分,形成2∶1比例的哑铃型包结配合物。结果表明,随着紫精衍生物烷基链的增长,紫精衍生物对杂草的除草活性依次减弱,且六甲基六元瓜环可增强紫精衍生物的除草活性。
关键词:紫精衍生物;六甲基六元瓜环;1H核磁共振技术;除草活性
中图分类号:S451.2;TB383 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2012)14-3076-04
Study on Interaction Systems of Viologen Derivatives with Methyl Substituted Cucurbituril and their Weeding Activity
L?譈 Li-bina,ZHU Qian-jiangb
(a. Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province; b. Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)
Abstract: Six methyl substituted Cucurbit[6]uril (HMeQ[6]) was selected as a host while 4,4-bypyridyl derivatives (PCn) were selected as guests, and the interaction between HMeQ[6] and PCn was analyzed by 1H NMR, electronic absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry methods. The results revealed that HMeQ[n]s included the alkyl moieties of PCn and formed dumbbell like inclusion complexes at the ratio of 1∶2. The experiments for weeding activity of PCn and HMeQ[6]-PCn revealed the increase of alkyl moieties of PCn had an adverse contribution on its weeding activity. It was suggested that HMeQ[6] played the role of asynergistic agent in this process.
Key words: 4,4-bypyridyl derivatives; six methyl substituted cucurbit[6] uril; 1H NMR; weeding activity
瓜环(Cucurbit[n]uril, 简写为Q[n])是继冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃之后备受瞩目的一类人工合成新型大环主体分子[1-3]。其在分子识别、超分子催化以及分子组装等领域得到了广泛研究,但在药物学领域关注较少,仅在铂类抗癌药物中开展了相关研究。2005年Jeon等[1]研究了草酸铂和七元瓜环(Q[7])的相互作用,草酸铂与Q[7]形成1∶1的包结物增加了药物的稳定性,导致鸟苷和L-蛋氨酸的反应有所降低,从而草酸铂的抗肿瘤活性有所降低。另外双核铂金复合物[4]的联吡唑环进入Q[7]的空腔,使得铂金药物和鸟苷反应速率减小,也能够降低药物毒性。2007年Day[5]系统地研究了3种铂复合物与不同瓜环的包结反应,其中Q[6]、Q[7]和Q[8]使得铂复合物的细胞毒性分别增加了2.5倍、减少和基本不变,但对农药分子的相关研究未见报道。4,4-联吡啶衍生物(又名紫精,简写为PCn)是一类广谱性的联吡啶除草剂(Bipyridylium Herbicide),可防除多种单双子叶杂草,为非选择性除草剂[6]。对称四甲基六元瓜环与紫精衍生物形成包结化合物[7,8]后,瓜环能够改变其氧化还原能力[9]。该试验选择紫精衍生物作为研究对象,利用核磁共振技术、紫外吸收光谱和循环伏安法等方法,考察六甲基六元瓜环(HMeQ[6])和PCn的相互作用,包括:包结状态、包结比、作用位点,通过研究包结配合物和PCn对紫菀草(Aster tataricus L. F)、青蒿草(Artemisa annua)和黄鹌菜(Young
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