年高中英语语法复习-第二讲-语态讲练.docVIP

二 语态 语法精讲 1. 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语（vi. Vt.）的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语(vt.)用被动语态。被动语态的结构： 1）一般现在时：You are required to do this. 2）一般过去时：The story was told by her. 3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 4）现在进行时：The road is being widened. 5）过去进行时：The new tool was being made. 6）过去完成时：He said that work had been finished. 7）现在完成时：The novel has been read. 2.一些特殊的被动结构： 1）情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon. 2）带非谓语的被动结构： The room is going to be painted. I hate being made fun of. 3）短语动词的被动结构： ①（不及物）动词+介词： agree to, ask for, call for, laugh at, listen to, look after, operate on, send for, talk about, think of. etc. ②（及物）动词+副词： bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, point out, put away, turn down, work out, etc. ③动词+副词/名词+介词： do away with, face up to, give in to, look down upon, make up for, put up with , take care of, catch sight of, take notice of, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire/light to, take hold of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of，etc. The baby is looked after carefully. Close attention must be paid to it. They will be taken (good) care of. Good care will be taken of them. 复合宾语的被动结构： Tom was found ill/lying in bed/injured/ of great value/outside.（宾补变为主补） “get done”结构通常表示①动作的结果②未曾料到的事态③“最后终于”出现的某 种事态： get burnt, get paid, get dressed, get married, get injured, get wounded, get robbed, get frightened, get excited, get interested, etc. 3．系表结构与被动结构的区别： The glass is broken now. The book is well written. (状态。无动作执行时间或执行者) The glass was broken by Tom just now.（动作。 有动作时间或执行者） The homework remains untouched/undone. 4．主动形式表示被动意义： 1）某些动词作谓语：sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut, etc. The books sell well. The machine runs well. Your poem reads well. This coat wears long. The cloth washes easily. The pen writes smoothly. 2）表示状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。 Good medicine tastes bitter. What you said proved t