2第二节细胞的适应性反应（2 、 second cell adaptive response）.docVIP

2第二节细胞的适应性反应（2 、 second cell adaptive response） Adaptive response of second cells When the internal environment of the cell changes, or under the persistent effects of a variety of minor damage factors, it can be adjusted by its own metabolism, function and structural changes. This process is called adaptation. In the course of adjustment, the morphological structure can change in a variety of ways, such as increasing or decreasing the number of cells, increasing or decreasing the volume, and changing the types of cells and tissues. But there is a limit to adaptation. When the action factor exceeds a certain time and intensity, the cell will lose its adaptive capacity. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia The volume of a cell, tissue, or organ is called hypertrophy (hypertrophy). The basis of cell hypertrophy is the increase of organelle, which leads to the increase of protein synthetase and the predominance of protein anabolism to reach higher functional level and meet the changing environmental needs. [common types of hypertrophy] 1 、 compensatory hypertrophy is usually caused by the increase of the workload of the corresponding organs and tissues, and has the function of compensatory action. Such as hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, valvular heart disease due to valve opening and closing failure. The increase of myocardial workload also leads to hypertrophy of the myocardium. After unilateral resection of the kidney and adrenal gland, the hypertrophy of the corresponding organs in the opposite side is also compensatory hypertrophy. 2, endocrine hypertrophy endocrine hormone acts on effector, so that hypertrophy, to meet the needs of physiological functions. Such as lactation of mammary gland cell hypertrophy; pregnancy uterine smooth muscle hypertrophy. The number of parenchymal cells increases, often resulting in increased volume of tissues and organs called hyperplasia (hyperplasia). Proliferation is the result of enhancement of mitosis caused by