电气石的起源与特点（The origin and characteristics of tourmaline）.docVIP

电气石的起源与特点（The origin and characteristics of tourmaline） Tourmaline was first discovered in Sri Lanka, was regarded as a diamond and ruby, precious stones. People pay attention to the gem in the heat will take charge, this phenomenon is known as the pyroelectric effect of heat, so the name of tourmaline. Electrical stone often produced in the rare metal pegmatite, gem containing albite, lepidolite, greisen type. Its chemical formula is NaR3Al6[Si6O18][BO3]3 (OH, F) 4, R on behalf of the metal cation type, when the R is Mg2+ or Fe2+ (Li+ and Al+), respectively, and the lithium magnesium tourmaline tourmaline tourmaline three endmember minerals. Tourmaline often with ribbon phenomenon, streak colorless vitreous luster, no cleavage. The hardness of 6.5-7.0. Brittle. The proportion of 3.03-3.25. With the piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. In the ultraviolet light irradiation, the fluorescence does not fluoresce to weak, such as red purple hair weak fluorescence. With polychroism under a microscope under transmission light. According to the advantages of tourmaline elements are divided into 3 categories: 1. iron tourmaline (tourmaline), black tourmaline (tourmaline; 2. mg magnesium), brown; 3. alkali Pink (red tourmaline, tourmaline), green (green tourmaline) (or colorless achroite). Sometimes the crystal is pink, and the other end is green; may also appear concentric ribbon. Transparent and flawless colored varieties can be carved into stone. A lot of tourmaline crystals are best developed, in pegmatites, and in metamorphic limestone and granitic magma in contact. Due to the anti weathering ability, can accumulate in clastic sediments, and is a common accessory mineral in sedimentary rocks. In southern California, Maine, Brazil and Madagascar etc. from the pegmatite in high-quality precious stones. Because of the piezoelectric, also for pressure measuring instrument. The colored crystal has a strong two to the color, which is observed from different direction, sh