制订减少奶牛热应激的体系.PDFVIP

制订减少奶牛热应激的体系制订减少奶牛热应激的体系 Developing Systems to Minimize Heat Stress In Dairy Cattle John F. Smith, Ph. D. 约翰约翰 FF ·史密斯博士史密斯博士 堪萨斯州立大学 奶牛生产的最适温度奶牛生产的最适温度 Thermal Neutral Zone of Dairy Cattle o o • 5 到 20 C (41 到 68 F) ••奶牛认为的最舒适温度是多少度奶牛认为的最舒适温度是多少度？？ – Where would a dairy cow set the thermostat? – 1313 oo CC 牛群热应激牛群热应激 Heat Stressed Cows • 干物质采食量下降干物质采食量下降 • Dry matter intake is reduced • 增加排汗和喘气以维持体温增加排汗和喘气以维持体温 • Increase sweating and panting to maintain core body temperature •• 维持需要增加维持需要增加35%35% • Maintenance requirements increase by as much as 35% • 能量从产奶转移到维持中能量从产奶转移到维持中 • Energy is shifted from milk production to maintenance • 对产奶量对产奶量、、繁殖繁殖、、和健康都有负面影响和健康都有负面影响 • Negative impacts on milk production, reproduction and health 热应激与繁殖热应激与繁殖 Heat Stress and Reproduction •短时间内体温的迅速升高会导致受孕下降短时间内体温的迅速升高会导致受孕下降2525-40%40% • Short terms rises in body temperature can result in a 25 – 40% drop in conception risk. o o • 温度每增加温度每增加00.99 FF （（00.55 CC））受孕率下降受孕率下降13%13% • An increase of 0.9o F in body temperature reduced conception rate of 13% (Gwazdauskas et al., 1997). • 热应激对繁殖的影响要比对产奶量的影响更大 • The impact of heat stress on reproduction is more dramatic as milk production iincreases • 机体内部增加的热负担因为饲料采食的增加 •• GreaterGreater internalinternal heatheat loadload producedproduced asas aa consequenceconsequence ofof thethe higherhigher levellevel ofof feedfeed intake (al-Katanani et al., 1999) 奶产量 Milk Production • Loss of milk production during heat stress •在热应急期期间奶产产量会下降降 • Loss of future milk production •• 以后会亏损的奶产量以后会亏损的奶产量 – Lower peak m