深孔泄洪刊物.docxVIP

摘要:三峡大坝泄洪深孔从2003 年开始运行之后，其过流面在2004～2011 年冬修期间均进行过较为全面的检查和维护，发现存在的缺陷有混凝土冲刷磨蚀、破损、气泡密集面、剥蚀、裂缝等。分析了上述缺陷产生的原因，针对不同缺陷，在对修补材料作适应性检查的基础上，选择环氧砂浆、环氧胶泥及环氧类灌浆材料等进行了修补，取得了较为理想的修补效果。结合今后三峡枢纽逐渐进入全电站运行状态的实际，提出了以后泄洪深孔检修时应注意的问题。关键词:泄洪深孔; 施工缺陷; 修补材料; 环氧砂浆; 三峡水电站中图法分类号: TV43 文献标志码: A 文章编号:1001-4179(2013)07-0091-04Analysis of defect of deep outlets of Three Gorges Hydropower Station and countermeasuresCHEN ZhenghuAbstract: The flow surface of deep outlets of Three Gorges Hydropower Station had been repaired and investigated during winter maintenance time in 2004～2011 since the deep outlets were put into operation in 2003，and the defects such as scouring，abrasion and damage bubble concentrated area，denudation and cracks were found．We analyzed the causes of these defects，and according to different characteristics of the defects，we chose epoxy mortar，epoxy resin and epoxy grouting material as repairing materials on the basis of material adaptability tests．The effects of these repairing materials were verified through investigation after repairing construction．Aiming at the facts that the deep outlets will be used less since the hydropower station is being transferred into a full-generating stage，we propose some countermeasures and point out the problems that should be paid attention to．Key words: deep outlet; construction defect; repairing material; epoxy mortar; Three Gorges Hydropower Station三峡水电站水工建筑物范围广、结构形式多，不同部位在不同的时期有不同的运行要求，运行情况也各有差异。其中，随着机组全部建成投运，泄洪深孔过流时间逐年渐少，本着“经常养护，防重于修; 小坏小修，不等大修; 随坏随修，不等岁修”的原则组织维护检修。自2004 年以来，每年冬修期间都对泄洪深孔进行了较为全面的检查和维护，确保泄洪建筑物及相关设备设施的安全运行［1-3］。1 泄洪深孔的主要缺陷1．1 冲刷磨蚀三峡水电站泄洪深孔冲刷磨蚀较严重部位位于深孔侧墙底空腔顶部以上2 m区域和距底板4 m以上的区域。经过8 a的运行及检修，随着深孔累计运行时间的增加，未处理的过流面在含沙高速水流的磨损、切削和冲撞下，过流面冲刷磨蚀程度加剧; 而满刮环氧胶泥的过流面，冲刷磨蚀程度明显减轻，对混凝土的保护较好。2011 年汛后检查发现，侧墙过流面在高速水流的长期冲刷下，浅表砂浆被冲掉呈现出麻面，主要表现为过流面大粒径砂石料外露、糙感明显、细部不平整(3 mm 以内) 。检修中采用环氧胶泥涂刮防护。侧墙过流面部位施工期间遗留的砂线和施工缝，在高速水流作用下冲蚀破坏较为严重，出现蜂窝和细小破损。图1 为深孔泄洪示意。图1 泄洪深孔水流流态1．2 混凝土破损深孔过流面破损主要发生在纵缝Ⅰ、纵缝Ⅱ、施工缝及原缺陷修补部位，2007 年汛后，曾在泄8 号深孔发现400 cm×65 cm、深10 cm的较大面积破损。部分深孔流道跌坎