动词时态与语态概要.doc

动词的时态和语态　　【知识点归纳】　　I.动词时态和语态的构成形式　　主动语态的构成　　一般现在时一般过去时do/does,( is/am/are )did,(was/were)　　现在进行时过去进行时is/am/are doing was/were doing　　现在完成时过去完成时has/have done had done　　现在完成进行时过去完成进行时has/have been doing had been doing　　一般将来时过去将来时will/shall do????????? is/am/are going to do?is/am/are(about)to do would/should do????? 　was/were going to do　　was/were(about)to do　　被动语态的构成　　一般现在时一般过去时is/am/are done/was/were done　　现在进行时过去进行时is/am/are being done/was/were being done　　现在完成时过去完成时has/have been donehad been done　　一般将来时过去将来时will/shall be done????? is/am/are going to be done　　is/am/are(about)to be donewould/should be done　　was/were going to be done?????????????? 　　was/were(about)to be done　　II.动词时态的用法　　1.一般现在时　　一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等;　　主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来;　　I’ll go there after I finish my work.　　If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.　　在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作;　　There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。　　注意：近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰　　Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.　　A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called　　虽然航海发生在过去，但是，海洋的名称不会因此而变化，所以要用一般现在时。　　2.现在进行时　　表示正在进行的动作;　　表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。　　She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。　　He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。　　My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。　　代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。　　The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。　　The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。　　与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行;　　He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。　　She is always forgetting something.她老是忘记某些事情。　　大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。　　常见的有：　　▲感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear　　▲情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear　　▲心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt　　▲所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。　　3.现在完成时　　表示过去发生的动作对现在