动词不定式的基本用法概要.pptVIP

动词不定式的基本用法 1 不定式作主语 (subject) To see is to believe. To keep smiling is healthy for you. It’s important to learn English well. 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Early to rise is a good habit． To get there by bike often takes us half an hour. When and where to hold the party hasn’t been decided. When to hold the party and where to hold the party _________been decided. haven’t 2.作宾语 1)．不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want, decide, intend, expect, learn, manage, plan, promise, refuse, threaten, fail, wish, hope, pretend, choose等等。 I mean to go there at once. I hope to finish the work in time. I plan to go to Beijing this summer. 2).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。 I think it our duty to obey the laws. I found it difficult to see him here.  3) 不定式用在介词but, except, 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to. (1). She could do nothing but cry. (2).There is nothing to do but wait. (3). I have no choice but to go. 4．作宾语补足语 He asked me to go with him. He didn’t allow me to go out alone. 【注意】在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役动词let, have， make 后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。 I saw him play in the park. →He was seen to play in the park. The boss made those men work day and night. →Those men were made to work day and night. I heard her sing today． → She was heard to sing today． 3．作表语 不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job. To teach is to learn. My job is to help the patient. My ambition is to become a teacher. The old man seems to be sick. 【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。 All I want to do now is fill my stomach. 1. something, anything, nothing, everything, no one 等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. I have something to say. He is not a man to tell lies. We all have a chance to go to college. (5). 定语 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如不定式是不及物动词，则需加介词。 Can you give some paper to _________ (write)? I have no jewelry to ________