动词不定式用法与专项练习概要.doc

动词不定式: to+do 或 do 动词不定式由to + 动词原形组成，是动词的一种非谓语形式。它可以带宾语，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，因此在句中可充当谓语以外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补和同谓语。 1. 动词不定在句中的语法功能 (1)动词不定式（短语）作主语To love is to be loved. 爱别人就是被人爱。 To teach is to give. 教书就是奉献。 注意：1）在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用形式主语it，而真正的主语则被置于句子后部。 It always pays to be honest. 老实不吃亏。 It is of great importance to solve the housing problem. 解决问题是很重要的。 It will take me three hours to do this job. 干这个工作我花了三个小时。 2）假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语，则需用介词of 或for来引导。Its good for me to have a talk with you. 我很高兴和你交谈。It is really important for students to learn English well. 对学生们来说，学好英语很重要。It is possible for all nations to unite to get rid of the terrorists. 所有国家携手铲除恐怖分子，这是可以做到的。It is stupid of John to help such a shameless girl. 约翰真傻，竟去帮助这样一个无耻的女孩。It is cruel of man to kill animals in such a casual manner. 人类如此随便地屠杀动物，真是残忍。Its unfair of the teacher to single Li Ming out for praise. 老师单挑李民来表扬是不公平的。 能用于介词of结构的形容词有：good, nice, kind, bad, cruel, wicked, clever, bright, wise, silly, foolish, stupid, selfless, sensible, selfish, insensible, polite, fair, generous, rude, unfair, mean等。这些形容词主要表示做这件事的人的品格或素质。能用于介词for 结构的形容词有：important, necessary, impossible, better, worse, easy, difficult heavy, light等。3）在疑问句或感叹句中, 要用it来作主语. Is it worth our while to hold such a long meeting? 值得我们开这样长时间的会吗?What good news it is for me to hear that my brother has got his visa [viz?] n. 签证) to America！对我来说, 听到弟弟拿到去美国的签证该是多好的消息啊! (2) 动词不定式（短语）作宾语I will leave it to you to make the final decision. 我将由你来做最后的决定。She decided to quit her job at last. 最后，她决定辞职。 I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快见到你。注意： 1） 在以下这些动词后面只能跟动词不定式（短语）作宾语：afford, agree, aim, ask, claim, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, threaten, wish, want等。然而以下动词后面既可跟动词不定式（短语）又可跟动名词（短语）但意思有的有差别，有的相同：attempt, begin, continue, deserve, disdain([d?sden]vt.不屑), dread, endure, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need, neglect, omit[?umit] vt. 遗