革新稻作技术维护粮食安全与生态安全.doc

革新稻作技术 维护粮食安全与生态安全 熹陶龙兴谈惠娟程式华 /水稻生物学国家重点实验室杭州 310006） 关键词：水稻；技术革新；“麦作式”水稻湿种；粮食安全；生态安全；专论 Innovating Rice Farming Systems, Ensuring Food and Environments Safety WANG Xi, TAO Long-xing, TAN Hui-juan, CHENG Shi-hua （China National Rice Research Institute/National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 310006） Abstracts: After considering the fragility of fresh water resource and our country’s insufficient plow land, the authors looked back to the 1960’s and noticed negative effects from the “Green revolution,” based on the use of a semi-dwarf gene. Water was pumped out egregiously to irrigate paddy fields for high yield. Excess agrochemicals and chemical fertilizers were poured on to rice fields. Drainage water containing chemicals from paddy flowed to the water system and polluted the environments. The authors of this paper point out to the need to reform those rice farming activities for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. After nearly ten years of research, a new rice farming system was released. The technique was named as Non-flooding Rice Farming in Irrigated Rice Fields (NFRF). Rice was cultivated as dry-land crops. The technical components of the NFRF included planting green manure, planting super-hybrid rice, and implementing direct seeding and non-flooding irrigation. Results from the demonstrations in Zhejiang province showed that the benefits from the NFRF were not only in water saving and yield enhancement, but also in labor saving and environmental safety. The irrigated rice field was mainly in the southern part of China where the water for irrigation is sufficient. Its area and water consumption occupied 85% of the total rice area and nearly 50% of total fresh water, so water saving rice within those areas is much important to food security and environmental safety. NFRF practice in those areas will have positive effects on a project to transfer water to the north. The authors point to the following as the main achievements in rice