黄河兰州段水质现状分析和污染防治.docVIP

黄河兰州段水质现状分析与污染防治 贾瑞丽作者简介：贾瑞丽（1986-）女，陕西榆林人，兰州大学硕士研究生，研究方向为环境规划与管理。E-mail:jiarli05@lzu.cn， 作者简介：贾瑞丽（1986-）女，陕西榆林人，兰州大学硕士研究生，研究方向为环境规划与管理。E-mail:jiarli05@lzu.cn，第一作者为通讯作者。 （兰州大学资源环境学院，甘肃兰州，730000） 摘要：采用单因子污染指数法确定水质类别，用污染负荷系数法确定主要污染物，用污染变化趋势定量分析来说明污染物变化趋势。根据1996～2007年度地面水水质监测数据的统计、评价，论述了黄河兰州段水质现状，并对其水质污染的原因进行分析，从而提出相应的污染防治措施。分析表明：黄河兰州段水体以生物、有机类污染为主，无机、金属类污染次之，粪大肠菌群位于黄河兰州段之首；黄河兰州段水体总体污染变化呈下降趋势，下降趋势很显著。污染防治的对策和建议：实行污染物排放总量控制；突出集中控制，加快污水处理厂的建设；控制面源污染；彻底治理湟水河的污染；提倡清洁生产；提高水的利用率；实行黄河水资源有偿使用制度；加强黄河沿岸的绿化；规范兰州市垃圾填埋场；增强全民环保意识。 关键词：黄河兰州段；水质；污染指数；污染负荷；污染防治 中图文分类号：X522 Water Quality Analysis and Pollution Prevention of the Yellow River in Lanzhou Jia Rui-Li1，Ma Deng2 (School of Resource and Environmental，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou，730000) Abstract: Deciding the water quality categories in the single-factor pollution index method, the major pollutants in the pollution load factor method, and the pollutant trends in the quantitative analysis of pollution trends. According to statistics and evaluation of the monitoring data of the surface water from 1996 to 2007, discussing the water quality of the Yellow River in Lanzhou, and analyzing the reasons for water pollution, then proposing the corresponding pollution control measures. Analysis shows that: biological and organic pollution is the mainly pollution, inorganic and metal pollution is second, and fecal coliform is at the head of Yellow River. The general water pollution trend is declining, and the trend is significant. Pollution prevention suggestions: the implementation of pollutant emission control; stressing central control, and speeding up the construction of sewage treatment plants; controlling point source pollution; controlling completely the pollution of the Huangshui River; promoting cleaner production; improving water utilization; practicing the paid use of water resources of Yellow River system; strengthening the green along the Yellow River; standardizing the landfill; enhancing environmental awareness. Key words: the