核医学（nuclear medicine）.doc

核医学（nuclear medicine） 1 nuclear medicine: including trials and medical and clinical nuclear medicine. The former mainly uses the theory of radionuclide and radiation for biomedical research Important problems in the nature of life, deepen the understanding of physiological and biochemical processes and pathological processes. The latter mainly uses nuclides and radiation lines to diagnose and treat diseases. 2. Nuclide: the name of a certain characteristic of an atom, the same as the proton number, neutron number, and energy state in the nucleus It is called a nuclide. ? 3 and same number: the same number of protons, the number of neutrons different nuclides known as the same number. ? 4, isomer: the same number of protons in the nucleus and the number of neutrons, but the state of different energy, known as isomeric states. 5, physical half-life: radionuclide decay of its original nuclide half of the time required, called the half-life, with T said. 6. Radioactivity: the number of decays per unit time, expressed in A. 7, the ratio of radioactivity and radioactivity: the elements of a radionuclide in a particular sample of chemical quantity. In a sample of a labeled compound The ratio of the radioactivity of a certain nuclide to the chemical quantity of the compound. 8. Indirect effects: when radiation energy is transmitted to biological molecules, it acts by diffusion of ions and radicals, and is absorbed by biomolecules Biological effects. 9, direct effect: when ionizing radiation passes through biological tissue, the physical and chemical losses are caused by the radiation energy transferred to the tissue. 10. Open source: ionizing radiation sources in the gaseous, liquid, solid, or powder or gas dissolved states that can be used to diffuse radionuclides into the environment. ? 11. A closed source: any radioactive source that holds radioactive material in a fully enclosed, non radioactive enclosure. 12, random effects: refers to radiation hazards, under certain c