绪论-资优教育季刊.docVIP

國小資優生與一般生復原力之比較研究 摘要 本研究之主要目的在探討國小資優生與一般生復原力之差異。研究者以叢集抽樣方式隨機抽取高雄市國小資優生與一般生共980名為對象，並採研究者自編「兒童復原力量表」作為資料收集之工具。本研究發現三年級資優生在「父母資源」、「師長資源」與「自我效能」等層面之表現均顯著高於三年級一般生；然五年級一般生在「樂觀」分層面顯著高於五年級資優生；四與六年級則無顯著差異。 關鍵詞：復原力、國小資優生、國小一般生The Comparative Study of Protective Factors of Resilience of Gifted Students and General Students Shu-fen Wang 1 Tai-Hwa Emily Lu2 Teacher, Cianjin Primary School 1 Professor, Department of Special Education, National Taiwan Normal University2 Abstract The main purposes of this research were to explore the protective factors of Resilience of gifted students in Taiwan, ROC.980 elementary school students were also included in this study. The coefficient of internal consistency of ‘The Resilience Scale’（Cronbach’s α）is .958～.914. The main findings of this research are stated as follows: 1. The gifted students of third grades exhibit better on three subscales of the protective factors of Resilience for children than regular students of third grades do. 2. The regular students of fifth grades exhibit better on one subscales of the protective factors of Resilience for children than the regular students of fifth grades do. 3. The gifted students of third grades exhibit better on six subscales of the protective factors of Resilience for children than the gifted students of fourth, fifth and sixth grades do. Key words: Resilience, Protective factor, Gifted students, General students 緒論 「復原力」(resilience)被心理學家界定為從逆境中恢復原狀的能力(Gorman, 2005)。早期復原力的研究(Garmezy, 1987; Rutter, 1987; Werner, 1994, 1995)多在醫療方面，以探討高危險群兒童如何在創傷中保持心理健康與完整為重心，然近年來已強調以優勢本位strength-based)觀點探究個案如何在逆境與困難事件中展現復原力曾文志(2006)蒐集1970至2004年間英文期刊中471篇與復原力相關之研究，經篩選後以21篇實徵性研究為對象進行後設分析meta-analysis)，提出復原力包含：(1)個人特質中之正向情緒、智能、人際技巧、內控信念、實際控制期待、自我效能與積極因應問題；(2)家庭聯結層面之父母心理健康、家人支持與教養一致；及(3)外在系統層面所涉及之家庭與外在聯結、成人支持、社會支持網與學校興趣。Olsson、Bond、 Burns、Vella-Brodrick和Sawyer(2003)分析1990-2000年間以12-18歲青少年為對象的復原力相關研究中亦歸納復原力保護因子包括：(1)屬個人層面資源之先天氣質、社會能力、智能、溝通