脂肪腈加氢胺化过程中Pd_C催化剂失活原因探讨.pdfVIP

·696 · 化学通报 　2006 年 第 9 期 　　　　　　　　　　http :www. hxtb . org 脂肪腈加氢胺化过程中 PdC 催化剂失活原因探讨 张建远 　康保安 ( 中国日用化学工业研究院 表面活性剂国家工程研究中心　太原 　030001) 摘 　要 　以活性炭为载体 ,负载氯化钯溶液 ,制备钯炭催化剂 ,在循环使用于催化脂肪腈加氢制备单烷 基二甲基叔胺时发现 ,催化剂活性持续下降。通过氮吸附、热重分析 、X 射线能谱和透射电子显微镜等手段 , 对催化剂失活前后的表面积 、孔径分布变化 、催化剂的失重状况 、Pd 的价态变化以及 Pd 晶粒的粒径变化研究 表明 ,导致钯炭催化剂失活的原因主要是反应过程中积炭的生成 、Pd 的价态变化和 Pd 晶粒粒径的增大 。 关键词 　钯炭催化剂 　失活 　积炭 　脂肪腈 　叔胺 Study on PdC Catalysts Deactivation during the Process of Fatty Nitrile Hydroamination Zhang Jianyuan , Kang Bao ′an (China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry ,National Engineering Research Center for Surfactants ,Taiyuan 030001) Abstract 　The hydrogenation of fatty nitriles to produce alkyldimethyl tertiary amines was catalyzed by the PdC catalysts prepared by the PdCl2 solution carried on the active carbon . The results indicated that the activity of PdC catalysts was continuously decreased as increasing of the used times. The surface area , pore size distribution , the state of losing weight of the catalysts , the change of the valence state of Pd and the change of the particle diameter Pd crystalloid were investigated by the N adsorption , TG , XPS and TEM. It was found that the formation of carbon during reaction , change of 2 the valence state of Pd and chang of the particle diameter of Pd crystalloid before and after using were the cause of PdC deactivation mainly. Key words 　PdC , Deactivation , Carbon deposition , Fatty nitrile , Tertiary amine 脂肪腈加氢胺化是指以脂肪腈为原料在加氢条件下反应生成对应的伯 、仲 、叔胺等的反应 。长链烷 基二甲基叔胺是一类重要的有机中间体 , 由其衍生得到的阳离子和两性离子表面活性剂在石油化工 、农 业化学品、医药卫生及 日化等行业都有广泛应用[ 1] 。脂肪腈直接制取叔胺的工艺路线已由 Hoechst 公司 研究多年并已申请专利