第六讲 翻译技能长句翻译.docVIP

长句翻译 长句语段（句群）结构的调整是语段翻译的难点和主要内容之一。语段是由几个意义关系密切的句子组成，语段的调整实际上是各个有关句子受语段总体意义的制约而引起的句际结构调整。翻译时应注意以下几个方面： (1)保持描写角度的一致；(2)语句的“前言”和“后语”要配合；(3)句际时间概念要相互呼应；(4)句间逻辑要互相照应。 具体翻译操作时，可以使用以下几种方法：保持原序；改变语序；拆开句子；合并句子。 例如： 1. The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at an average of 5.5% a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 % a-year rate in the mid-1970, simply stopped growing in 1981-1982. 世界经济在60年代很繁荣，每年平均以5.5%的比率增长，到了70年代中期仍以平均以4.5%的比率增长，但是在1981年到1982年就完全停止增长了。（按照时间顺序） 2. This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party 这不是一场阶级之间的战争，而是一场不分种族、不分信仰，不分党派，整个大英帝国及英联邦全体成员国无不参加的战争。（注意：定语的顺序） 3. Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives. 国会已经制定法律，要求大部分压力集团呈报他们花费了多少钱，怎样花的，款项的总额以及来源、成员人数、代表姓名和薪金等情况。 4. As the West sleepwalks into a decade in which moral confidence and steadfast ness will be increasingly needed and decreasingly found, and as a cry for leadership issues from millions who probably would not recognize it if they saw it, and probably reject it they did, John Paul II becomes more fascinating. （分析句子结构要从语法上开始） 当西方恍恍惚惚地进入八十年代的时候，人们的道德信念和坚韧精神日益沉沦，而获得这一切的希望又日趋渺茫。千百万人迫切要求加强“领导”，而当胜任的领导出现的时候，他们却又可能视而不见，或者见到了又加以摒弃。约翰·保罗二世之所以在西方变得越发具有魅力。 5. 句子前后调整：全部倒置 With a view to successfully maintaining a balanced system implemented by a basically even distribution of Federal resources, Federal financial aid is given only if a state has acceptable standards of administration. 各州一先要制定符合规章的管理标准，联邦政府才会拔给财政援助，这是为了使联邦政府财源基本上得到平均的分配，确保实施一种平衡的财政制度。（结论—条件） 6. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slam when in the USA the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 五十年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而见的现象