小学英语语法总结概要.docx

小学英语语法总结一、时态小结时态定义特征动词的变化规则一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作.every day/morning/…usually第三人称单数的变化情况:1.???????一般情况在词尾直接加-s2.???????以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es现在进行时表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作.now/ look/ listen现在分词的变化情况:1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing2. 以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况.yesterday morning/afternoon/eveninglast year/montha minute ago/an hour agothis morning/afternoon/evening动词过去式的变化情况:1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed2. 以e结尾的词加-d3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed一般将来时表示将要发生的事情tomorrowthe day after tomorrow/the next day/Monday…at the weekend/tonighttomorrow night/morning/afternoon主要构成be going to/will + 动词原形?????????????be +形容词凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may，will后的一定要用动词的原形二、名词的复数。?名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.???可数名词的复数变化规则:1.?一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens2.?以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3.?以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries4.?以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.?以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.?man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,三、形容词的比较级、最高级。????形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:1.?一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest2.?以e结尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.?以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5.??????多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.6.??????good-better-best四、be 动词,助动词。现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t助动词形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t※????1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”;????????????否定??????????????????????????????????????????????过去?????????否定am-------am not(第一人称 “I” )???????????am, is ------ was --------- wasn’tis ------- isn’t??(第三人称)??????????????????are??------ were --------- weren’tare--