学生版翻讲义.doc

第一讲　分清主从　把握结构 I. 分清主从 把握结构分清主从是理清原文结构，拟出译文整体框架的关键，而辨析词义是确保译文准确的前提。不少考生也能理解译文的大致意思，却组织不好译文，不是拖泥带水就是丢三拉四，其主要问题在于没能分清主从，不能从整体上把握原文结构。请看这样一例英语翻译试题：It is hard to believe that automobiles, radios, motion pictures, frozen foods, electric refrigerator, to mention only a few items, have come into common use within thirty years. 1. 抓主谓结构这是理清原文结构，搭建译文整体框架的关键。譬如下面这样一道题：考题实例：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. （2001）考题实例：The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than 100 years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.（2002）2. 抓关键信息由于句式结构的复杂多变，有时候仅仅抓住了原文的主谓结构还不够，还需抓住时间、地点、人物、事件等关键信息。请看这样一例：As the clock crept toward 11: 15 p. m. last Thursday, the 500 scientists and engineers packed into the control room and an adjacent auditorium at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory kept their eyes riveted on a bank of computer monitors.再看下面一例：Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crew members stood evoked images of the moonless night 74 years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.3. 抓逻辑关系在很多情况下，注意原文的逻辑关系能保证译文的层次清楚，结构有条不紊。如Titanic中的最后一句：The stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800 ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180°on its way down.其主谓结构为：The stern … had swiveled 180° 船尾旋转了一百八十度如按照原文的语序译为“在海底离船头几乎有一千八百英尺远的船尾在下沉时旋转了一百八十度”，既不符合汉语的按时间地点的先后顺序，又十分拗口。在这种情况下，不妨另起一句，使译文层次清楚：再看下面一例：The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.? ---------------------------------------------- 第二讲　遣词用字　恰如其分 II. 遣词用字 恰如其分考题实例：Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities wil