第二章 专题XML.ppt

Chapter 2 A Semantic Web Primer * Style Sheet Output html headtitleAn author/title/head body bgcolor=white bGrigoris Antoniou/bbr University of Bremenbr iga@tzi.de/i /body /html author nameGrigoris Antoniou/name affiliationUniversity of Bremen/affiliation emailga@tzi.de/email /author Chapter 2 A Semantic Web Primer * Summary XML is a metalanguage that allows users to define markup XML separates content and structure from formatting XML is the de facto standard for the representation and exchange of structured information on the Web * A Semantic Web Primer A Semantic Web Primer A Semantic Web Primer * XML Chapter 2 A Semantic Web Primer * An HTML Example h2Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Context- Dependent Reasoning/h2 iby bV. Marek/b and bM. Truszczynski/b/ibr Springer 1993br ISBN 0387976892 Chapter 2 A Semantic Web Primer * The Same Example in XML book titleNonmonotonic Reasoning: Context- Dependent Reasoning/title authorV. Marek/author authorM. Truszczynski/author publisherSpringer/publisher year1993/year ISBN0387976892/ISBN /book Chapter 2 A Semantic Web Primer * HTML versus XML: Similarities Both use tags (e.g. h2 and /year) Tags may be nested (tags within tags) Human users can read and interpret both HTML and XML representations quite easily … But how about machines? Chapter 2 A Semantic Web Primer * Problems with Automated Interpretation of HTML Documents An intelligent agent trying to retrieve the names of the authors of the book Authors’ names could appear immediately after the title or immediately after the word by Are there two authors? Or just one, called “V. Marek and M. Truszczynski”? Chapter 2 A Semantic Web Primer * HTML vs XML: Structural Information HTML documents do not contain structural information: pieces of the document and their relationships. XML more easily accessible to machines because Every piece of information is described. Relations are also defined