英国生物学记录中心BRC的公民科学案例模式与技术研究李际1.DOC

英国生物学记录中心（BRC）的公民科学案例研究 李际 （1.云南师范大学马克思主义学院，云南 昆明650500 2.中国科学院大学博士后流动站，北京100049） [摘要] 1964年成立的生物学记录中心（BRC）是公民科学的英国典范。通过52年的运行，它完成了大量英国物种分布的野外观察并为英国的科学教育、生态学（生物学）研究和政策制定做出了贡献。它符合谢尔克等人提出的合作型类型，处于公众科学发展的中期阶段，比欧盟的公众科学模式和美国的科学2.0模式较为简单。虽然采取了大量和新颖的互联网、移动通讯等计算机技术，仍旧存在数据偏差、验证失效和研究层次不足等技术障碍，且很难彻底解决。相较于同为英国同期提出的“公众理解科学”，它在涉及人群、培育对科学的深刻理解、经济与政治延伸、媒体利用和普及风险方面并没有完全实现“公众理解科学”的具体要求。但不同之处在于从自然科学角度给予了新的诠释。我国可采取综合创新的策略，借鉴BRC在公众科学和“公众理解科学”方面的建设经验组建全国的生态学(生物学）的教育、野外观察与数据处理网络，推动我国的公民科学发展。 [关键词]公民科学，生物学记录中心，国家记录计划，生态学与水文学中心 中图分类号：N09,N1,N3,N8 文献标识码：A 文章编号： Case Study of Citizen Science in UK’s Biological Records Centre (BRC) LI Ji （1.Marxism School，Yunnan Normal University， Yunnan Kunming， 650500 2.Postdoctor Station， University of Chinese Academy of Science， Beijing， 100049） Abstract: Biological Records Centre(BRC), founded in 1964, is the British example of citizen science. With operation in 52 years, it had achieved lots of field observation of British species’ distribution and contribution to British scientific education, study on ecology(biology) and policy making. It fits the type of collaborative, promoted by Shirk etc.(2012), hence, locates the mid-stage of development of citizen science and is more simple than EU’s pattern of citizen science and ‘Science 2.0’ of US. With the adaption of lots and novel computer technologies, such as internet and mobile communication, but it exist the technical obstacles of data bias, validation and low study level, still, and hard to be solved completely. Comparison to ‘public understanding of science’, proposed by UK within same period, it has not realize the requirements of ‘public understanding of science’ in detail and completely, such as community related, cultivating of deep understanding of science, extension of economics and politics, utility of media and population of risks. But the difference between them is that BRC gives new interpretation, with the view of natural science. With the BRC’s experience of the aspects of citizen