11 动名词（11 gerund）.docVIP

11 动名词（11 gerund） Chapter 1. The elements of a verb in a sentence The gerund (the Gerund) is composed of non finite verbs, verbs with suffix ing. It has the characteristics of verbs and nouns, and it is an important test content in all kinds of tests. 1. gerund (phrase) as the subject A gerund is usually placed at the head of a sentence when it is a subject. Such as: Swimming, is, the, best, exercise, in, summer. In summer, swimming is the best form of exercise. Living, without, an, aim, is, like, asiling, without, compass., a Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. Eliminating, problems, by, transferring, the, blame, to, others, is, often,, called, looking, for, scapegoat. By transferring the blame to others, the problem is often called scapegoat. Note: gerund and infinitive can be used as subject, generally interchangeable, but sometimes slightly different, the gerund as subject often repeatedly said the general behavior or abstract, are made to tend to represent specific or one-time behavior. Such as: Playing with fire is dangerous. (generally refers to playing with fire) To, play, with, fire, will, be, dangerous (refer to a specific action) Smoking, is, prohibited, here. No smoking here. (Abstract) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. you for you to smoke so much is not good. (concrete) But in It, is, not, use (good), not, any, use (good), useless and so on, the general use of nouns. as It, is, no, use, him., arguing, with, arguing with him is useless. It is, no, good, practice., learning, English, without, learning English, no practice is not good. As shown above, when using it as the form of the subject, the statement is often no good, no use, fun and other nouns, adjectives or prepositional phrases. 2. verb noun (phrase) as the predicative The gerund and infinitive can be used as predicative, but slightly different: abstract the general behavior, with a gerund; said the specific action or has a future meaning when use the infinitive.