Lesson1TypesofDieselEngine分析.doc

Lesson 1 Types of Diesel Engine 第1课柴油机的种类 1. The invention of the diesel engine in 1892 has been attributed to Rudolf Diesel, a German mechanical engineer and inventor. Since then diesel engines have played an important role in the shipping industry because of their improved engine efficiencies and designs compared to other forms of propulsion such as steam or gas turbines. Diesel engines are known by the name of compression ignition engines due to technical reasons. There are several ways of classification of diesel engines based on various parameters. According to their speeds, diesel engines may be divided into three types: slow speed, medium speed and high speed diesel engines. 1.1892年柴油机的问世归功于德国机械工程师、发明家鲁道夫·狄塞尔。自此，由于与其他形式的推进装置比如蒸汽机或燃气轮机相比，柴油机在效率和设计上更具优势，在航运业发挥了很重要的作用。川出于技术原因，柴油机也叫压燃机。基于不同的参数柴油机有若干种分类方法。柴油机根据速度可分三类:低速、中速和高速柴油机。 Slow Speed Diesel Engines低速柴油机 2. Slow speed diesel engines are large, especially tall, and heavy and operate on the two-stroke cycle. They are the largest diesel engines ever built. Engine power up to 100,000 kW is available from a single engine. They are tall to allow for long strokes which improve engine efficiency. The large physical size of the engine and components leads to slow rotational speed with speeds up to 300 r/min considered to be slow. For equivalent power output, the two-stroke diesel engine is significantly lighter than the four-stroke one. This is most apparent for large power requirements where the two-stroke engine produces much more power for the same weight. 2.低速柴油机体积大，高度特别高，而且重量大，以二冲程循环运转。这是迄今为止建造出的最大型的柴油机。单独一台发动机就能提供高达100 000 kW的功率。这类柴油机之所以高是为了容许长冲程，从而提高发动机的效率。大体积的柴油机和部件使得转速较慢，为300 r/min，这被视为低速。对于相同的输出功率，二冲程柴油机明显轻于四冲程柴油机。这一点对于满足大功率的需求是非常明显的，相同重量时二冲程柴油机能产生更大的功率。 3. Large, slow speed, two-stroke marine diesel engines offer the advantages of ? burning poorer quality, cheaper fuel; ? providing large power from a single, less complicated machine comprising fewer individual cylinders and moving parts ? having a low rota