FluidMechanics-1分析.ppt

(2) Specific Weight 重度 weight per unit volume (1.14) in which ? is the specific weight of fluid, N/m3; G is the weight of fluid, N. (1.14a) Or the product of density ? and acceleration of gravity g. 1.3.2 Density, specific weight, relative density (3) Relative density and specific gravity The relative density (相对密度) RD of a fluid is the ratio of its density to the density of a given reference material. The reference material is water at 4?C i.e., ?ref=?water. dimensionless quantity无量纲 1.3.2 Density, specific weight, relative density (3) Relative density and specific gravity The specific gravity (比重) SG of a fluid is the ratio of its weight to the weight of an equal volume of water at standard conditions(标准状态). dimensionless quantity无量纲 1.3.2 Density, specific weight, relative density (1) Compressibility（压缩性） The volume of fluid changes under different pressure. As the temperature is constant, the magnitude of compressibility is expressed by coefficient of volume compressibility (体积压缩系数) ?p , a relative variation rate of volume per unit pressure. (1.15) The bulk modulus of elasticity (体积弹性模量) K is the reciprocal of coefficient of volume compressibility ?p. (1.16) Pa Pa?1 1.3.3 The compressibility and expansibility of fluid Table1.3 The bulk modulus of elasticity of commonly used materials at 20℃ Example 1.1 A oil in cylinder has a volume of 1000cm3 at 0.1MN/m2 and a volume of 998 cm3 at 3.1MN/m2. What is its bulk modulus of elasticity? 1.3.3 The compressibility and expansibility of fluid Example 1.2 A pressure gauge tester is shown in Fig.1.4. The cylinder is filled with oil, ?p =475?10?12Pa?1. As the handwheel rotates, the well sealed piston is screwed in and the oil is compressed then the two pressure gauges reach a desired pressure. The diameter of piston is D=10 mm, the screw pitch (螺距) t=2mm. At the atmospheric pressure the volume of oil in the cylinder including pipeline is V=200cm3. For th