Lesson2HowDoesaMarineDieselEngineWork分析.docVIP

Lesson 2 How Does a Marine Diesel Engine Work 第2 课 船用柴油机是如何工作的 1. The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot, high pressure air in a combustion chamber. The marine diesel engine is a type of diesel engine used on ships. The principle of its operation is as follows: 1. 柴油机是一种内燃机, 通过把燃油喷入高温高压的燃烧室而发火。船用柴油机是一种在船上使用的柴油机。其工作原理如下： 2. A charge of fresh air is drawn or pumped into the engine cylinder and then compressed by the moving piston to very high pressure. 一定量的新鲜空气被吸入或泵入气缸并被运动的活塞压缩至很高的压力。 3. When the air is compressed, its temperature rises so that it ignites the fine spray of fuel injected into the cylinder. The burning of the fuel adds more heat to the air charge, causing it to expend and force the engine piston to do work on the crankshaft which in turn drives the ships propeller. 空气被压缩时, 温度升高, 便点燃喷入气缸的油雾。燃油的燃烧对缸内空气的加热, 使空气膨胀并迫使发动机活塞对曲轴做功, 随之驱动螺旋桨。 4. The operation between two injections is called a cycle, which consists of a fixed sequence of events. This cycle may be achieved either in four strokes or two. In a four-stroke diesel engine, the cycle requires four separate strokes of the piston, i.e. suction, compression, expansion and exhaust. As its name implies a two-stroke cycle takes place in two consecutive strokes of the engine piston, or one revolution of the crankshaft. Thus each operation in the cycle is repeated during every revolution of the engine. The two strokes of the cycle may be termed: Compression stroke and power or expansion stroke. 4. 两次喷油期间的运转过程叫一个工作循环。它由一些程序固定的过程组成。这个循环可在二行程或四行程内完成。四冲程柴油机的工作循环需要四个独立的活塞行程, 即吸气、压缩、膨胀和排气。正如其名称所指，二冲程工作循环内发动机活塞完成两个连续冲程，或曲轴转一周。因此，每个循环的运行随着发动机每转一周而重复。这种循环的两个冲程可称为压缩冲程和动力或膨胀冲程。 5. Its operation is as follows (see Fig. 2-1): 5. 其工作原理如下(见图2-1):cylinder, compressing the charge of air. Because energy is being transferred into the air, its pressure and temperature increase. By the time the piston is approaching the top of the cylinder (known as top dead center