第十四讲：墓志铭及收场白.doc

《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页 学生专业班级 学 时 数 教学目的 教学内容 教学重点 教学难点 教学进程 教学方法 教 具 课后总结 作 业 备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。 第十四讲 墓志铭、收场白 第一节 墓志铭 顾名思义，墓志铭（Epitaph）就是写来刻在墓碑上用以纪念死者的文字。有些墓志铭就是很好的诗，尤其是诗人给杰出人物写的墓志铭，或诗人们写给自己的墓志铭。 文艺复兴时期诗人罗利（Water Raleigh, 1552~1618）为自己写下墓志铭，下面这些诗行就刻在他的墓室里： Even such is time that takes in trustOur youth, our joys, and all we have,And pays us but with age and dust:Who in the dark and silent graveWhen we have wandered all our waysShuts up the story of our days.And from which earth and grave and dustThe Lord shall raise me up, I trust. 该墓志铭是一首抑扬格四韵步的八行诗，押韵格式为ababccaa，是隔行韵和双行韵的组合。 在莎士比亚的家乡圣三一教堂里，莎士比亚墓碑上的文字是： GOOD FREND FOR IESVS SAKE FORBEARE TO DIGG THE DVST ENCLOASED HEARE BLESTE BE Y MAN Y SPARES THES STONES AND CVRST BE HE ?[AT] MOVES MY BONES 据传，这四行诗是莎士比亚亲自写的，其用意是要教堂司事不把他的尸骨挖出来扔到尸骨存放处。也有人认为这不可能是莎翁本人所写，不过，他的坟墓一直没有被挖。该墓志铭是一首抑扬格四韵步的四行诗，押韵格式为aabb，属双行韵。 约翰?多恩的墓志铭是： Reader, I am to let thee know, Donnes body only lies below; For could the grave his soul comprise, Earth would be richer than the skies. 该墓志铭是一首抑扬格四韵步的四行诗，押韵格式为aabb，属双行韵。 亚历山大?蒲伯的墓志铭是： Heroes and Kings! your distance keep; In peace let one poor Poet sleep, Who never flatterd Folks like you: Let Horace blush, and Virgil too. 该墓志铭是一首抑扬格四韵步的四行诗，押韵格式为aabb，属双行韵。 蒲伯为牛顿在西敏思寺的墓碑写的墓志铭为： Nature and Nature’s Law lay hid in Night. God said, Let Newton be! and All was Light. (Alexander Pope: Intended for Sir Isaac Newton in Westminster Abbey) 格雷的悼亡诗《墓园挽歌》非常有名，该诗的最后部分是“墓志铭”： Here rests his head upon the lap of earth A youth to Fortune and to Fame unkown. Fair Science frowned not on his humble birth, And Melancholy marked him for her own. Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere, Heaven did a recompense as largely send: He gave to Misery all he had, a tear, He gained from Heaven (’twas all he wished) a friend. No farther seek his merits to disclose, Or draw his frailties from their dread abode (There they alike in trembling hope repose), the bosom of his Father and his God. (Thomas G