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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Oncology Volume 2012, Article ID 621685, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2012/621685 Research Article DNA Damage Response is Prominent in Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinomas, Especially Those with Rsf-1 (HBXAP) Overexpression Malti Kshirsagar,1 Wei Jiang,1, 2 and Ie-Ming Shih1 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA 2 Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinics, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Ie-Ming Shih, ishih@ Received 14 May 2011; Revised 29 July 2011; Accepted 11 August 2011 Academic Editor: Kentaro Nakayama Copyright © 2012 Malti Kshirsagar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DNA damage commonly occurs in cancer cells as a result of endogenous and tumor microenvironmental stress. In this study, we applied immunohistochemistry to study the expression of phosphorylated Chk2 (pChk2), a surrogate marker of the DNA damage response, in high grade and low grade of ovarian serous carcinoma. A phospho-specific antibody specific for threonine 68 of Chk2 was used for immunohistochemistry on a total of 292 ovarian carcinoma tissues including 250 high-grade and 42 low-grade serous carcinomas. Immunostaining intensity was correlated with clinicopathological features. We found that there was a significant correlation between pChk2 immunostaining intensity and percentage of pChk2 positive cells in tumors and demonstrated that high-grade serous carcinomas expressed an elevated level of pChk2 as compared to low-grade serous carcinomas. Normal ovarian, fallo