classical -orthogonal polynomials and differential equations经典的正交多项式和微分方程.pdfVIP

CLASSICAL 2-ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BOUKHEMIS AMMAR AND ZEROUKI EBTISSEM Received 16 May 2005; Revised 17 April 2006; Accepted 25 April 2006 We construct the linear differential equations of third order satisfied by the classical 2- orthogonal polynomials. We show that these differential equations have the following form: R4,n (x )P (3) (x )+R3,n (x )P (x )+R2,n (x )P (x )+R1,n (x )Pn+3 (x )=0, where the coeffi- n+3 n+3 n+3 cients {Rk,n (x )}k =1,4 are polynomials whose degrees are, respectively, less than or equal to 4, 3, 2, and 1. We also show that the coefficient R4,n (x ) can be written as R4,n (x ) = F (x )S (x ), where S (x ) is a polynomial of degree less than or equal to 3 with coefficients 1,n 3 3 independent of n and deg(F1,n (x )) ≤ 1. We derive these equations in some cases and we also quote some classical 2-orthogonal polynomials, which were the subject of a deep study. Copyright © 2006 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The classical orthogonal polynomials (Hermite, Laguerre, Jacobi, and Bessel) satisfy a hypergeometric-type differential equation of second order [5]: σ (x )y (x ) + τ (x )y (x ) +λ y (x ) = 0, where deg σ ≤ 2, deg τ ≤ 1, n n(n − 1) (1.1) λn = − σ − nτ = 0, n ≥ 0. 2 These polynomials are the unique polynomial solutions of a second-order linear dif- ferential equation of hypergeometric type [14]. The aim of this work is to generalize the results obtained in the standard orthogonality to 2-orthogonality. We first look for the differential equations whose the solutions are classical 2-orthogonal polynomials and we exp