competition and integration in closed-loop supply chain network with variational inequality竞争和整合与变分不等式在闭环供应链网络.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mathematical Problems in Engineering Volume 2012, Article ID 524809, 21 pages doi:10.1155/2012/524809 Research Article Competition and Integration in Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network with Variational Inequality Gengui Zhou,1 Yuxiang Yang,2 and Jian Cao1 1 School of Business Administration, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China 2 College of Economics and Management, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China Correspondence should be addressed to Gengui Zhou, ggzhou@ Received 11 April 2012; Accepted 25 May 2012 Academic Editor: Yuping Wang Copyright q 2012 Gengui Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A closed-loop supply chain network involves the manufactured and remanufactured homoge- neous products. It comprises operation links to represent business activities including manufac- turing/remanufacturing activities, treatment activities for EOL products, transportation activities, and storage activities, which are performed by the firms. Among all closed-loop supply chain problems, the horizontal merger of oligopolistic firms is so important and attracting to both businessman and researchers. In this paper, the interaction of the competitive firms prior to horizontal merger is analyzed. Three networks including prior to horizontal merger, postpartial merger, and complete merger are studied. Simultaneously, three economical models for these networks on different conditions of mergers are established and discussed. The variational inequality