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competitive orientations and the type a behavior pattern竞争导向和a型行为模式
Psychology
2011. Vol.2, No.5, 411-415
Copyright © 2011 SciRes. DOI:10.4236/psych.2011.25064
Competitive Orientations and the Type A Behavior Pattern
1 2 2
Bill Thornton , Richard M. Ryckman , Joel A. Gold
1Department of Psychology, University of Southern Maine, Portland, USA;
2University of Maine, Orono, USA.
Email: thornton@usm.maine.edu
rd th st
Received March 23 , 2011; revised May 16 , 2011; accepted June 21 , 2011.
Differences in competitive orientations were examined in relation to two components of the Type A behavior
pattern, Achievement Strivings and Impatience-Irritability, that have differential implications for achievement
performance and health. As expected, hypercompetitiveness was not related to Achievement Strivings, but posi-
tively correlated with Impatience-Irritability. In contrast, personal development competitiveness related posi-
tively to Achievement Strivings, but was not related to Impatience-Irritability. Hypercompetitiveness was not
related to actual academic achievement either, but personal development competitiveness was positively corre-
lated. Hypercompetitiveness was associated with greater self-reported health problems, whereas personal devel-
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