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Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences Volume 2010, Article ID 784567, 24 pages doi:10.1155/2010/784567 Research Article Conditional Processes Induced by Birth and Death Processes Masaru Iizuka1 and Matsuyo Tomisaki2 1 Division of Mathematics, Kyushu Dental College, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan 2 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Masaru Iizuka, iizuka@kyu-dent.ac.jp Received 15 February 2010; Accepted 10 May 2010 Academic Editor: Andrew Rosalsky Copyright q 2010 M. Iizuka and M. Tomisaki. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For birth and death processes with finite state space, we consider stochastic processes induced by conditioning on hitting the right boundary point before hitting the left boundary point. We call the induced stochastic processes the conditional processes. We show that the conditional processes are again birth and death processes when the right boundary point is absorbing. On the other hand, it is shown that the conditional processes do not have Markov property and they are not birth and death processes when the right boundary point is reflecting. 1. Introduction For one-dimensional diffusion processes on 0, 1 related to diffusion models in population genetics, Ewens 1 considered stochastic processes induced by conditioning on hitting the boundary point 1 before hitting the other boundary point 0. The boundary points 0 and 1 are accessible and abso