current status of immunomodulatory and cellular therapies in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation当前状态的免疫调节和细胞疗法在临床前和临床胰岛移植.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Transplantation Volume 2011, Article ID 637692, 24 pages doi:10.1155/2011/637692 Review Article Current Status of Immunomodulatory and Cellular Therapies in Preclinical and Clinical Islet Transplantation Preeti Chhabra1 and Kenneth L. Brayman1, 2, 3 1 Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA 2 Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA 3 The Center for Cellular Transplantation and Therapeutics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Kenneth L. Brayman, klb9r@ Received 1 May 2011; Accepted 11 July 2011 Academic Editor: Antonello Pileggi Copyright © 2011 P. Chhabra and K. L. Brayman. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical islet transplantation is a β -cell replacement strategy that represents a possible definitive intervention for patients with type 1 diabetes, offering substantial benefits in terms of lowering daily insulin requirements and reducing incidences of debilitating hypoglycemic episodes and unawareness. Despite impressive advances in this field, a limiting supply of islets, inadequate means for preventing islet rejection, and the deleterious diabetogenic and nephrotoxic side effects associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy preclude its wide-spread applicability. Islet transplantation however allows a window of opportunity for attempting various therapeutic manipulations of islets prior to tran