derivations in banach algebras巴拿赫代数中派生.pdfVIP

IJMMS 29:10 (2002) 579–583 PII. S0161171202007676 © Hindawi Publishing Corp. DERIVATIONS IN BANACH ALGEBRAS KYOO-HONG PARK, YONG-SOO JUNG, and JAE-HYEONG BAE Received 23 October 2000 and in revised form 2 June 2001 We present some conditions which imply that a derivation on a Banach algebra maps the algebra into its Jacobson radical. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 47B47, 46H99. 1. Introduction. Throughout this paper, A represents an associative algebra over the complex field C, and the Jacobson radical of A and the center of A are denoted by rad (A) and Z(A), respectively. Let I be any closed (2-sided) ideal of the Banach algebra A. Then let QI denote the canonical quotient map from A onto A/I . Recall that an algebra A is prime if aAb = {0} implies that either a = 0 or b = 0. A mapping f : A → A is called commuting (resp., centralizing) if [f (x),x] = 0 (resp., [f (x),x] ∈ Z(A)) for all x ∈ A. More generally, for a positive integer n, we define a mapping f to be n- commuting (resp., n-centralizing) if [f (x),xn ] = 0 (resp., [f (x),xn ] ∈ Z(A)) for all x ∈ A. A linear mapping d : A → A is called a derivation if d(xy) = d(x)y +xd(y) for all x,y ∈ A. The Singer-Wermer theorem, which is a classical theorem of Banach algebra theory, states that every continuous derivation on a commutative Banach algebra maps into its Jacobson radical [9], and Thomas [10] proved that the Singer-Wermer theorem remains true without assuming the continuity of the derivation. (This generalization is called the Singer-Wermer conjecture.) On the other hand, Posner [6] obtained two fundamental results in 1957: (i) the first result (the so-called Posner’s first theorem) asserts that if d and g are derivations on a 2-torsion free prime ring such that the product dg is also a derivation, then ei