C语言程设计教程第章.doc

结构体、共用体和枚举类型 10.1 结构体类型与变量的定义 10.1.1 结构体类型的定义 struct student { long int num; char name[10]; float score1,score2,score3; }; struct student student1,student2; 图10.1 struct student类型量结构 图10.2 数组作为结构体成员 10.1.2 结构体类型的嵌套定义 struct date { int month; int day; int year; }; struct student { long int num; chat name[10]; char sex; struct date birthday; char addr[30]; } student1,student2; 图10.3 结构体的嵌套结构 10.1.3 结构体变量的初始化 struct student { long int num; char name[10]; char sex; int age; float score; } student1={9908001,Li Ming,M,19,87.5}; 图10.4 初始化后结构体变量各成员的值 图10.5 嵌套结构的结构体变量的初始化 10.2 结构体类型变量的引用 #include stdio.h #include string.h #define STU struct student STU { long num; char name[10]; char sex; int age; float score; }; void main( ) { STU student1; printf(num:); scanf(%ld,student1.num); /*输入student1 的各成员值*/ printf(name:); getchar(); /*滤掉输入student1.num后所加的回车符*/ gets(student1.name); printf(sex(M/F):);scanf(%c,student1.sex); printf(age:); scanf(%d,student1.age); printf(score:); scanf(%f,student1.score); /*输出student1的各成员值*/ struct date { int month; int day; int year; }; struct student { long num; char name[10]; char sex; struct date birthday; char addr[30]; }; void main( ) { struct student stud1={990801,Li Ming,M,{9,12,1981},HongKong}; printf(num: %ld\n,stud1.num); printf(name: %s\n,stud1.name); printf(sex: %c\n,stud1.sex); printf(birthday:%d/%d/%d\n,stud1.birthday.month,stud1.birthday.day, stud1.birthday.year); printf(address:%s\n,stud1.addr); } 10.3 结构体数组 struct student { long int num; char name[10]; float score; } stus[3]; struct student { long int num; char name[10]; float score; } stus[3]={{990801,Li Ming,92.5}, {990802,Lu Yun,89.0}, {990803,Yang Hong ,96.5}}; #define MAX 30 #includestdio.h struct stuscore { long int num; char name[10]; int score[3]; int total; }; void main( ) { struct stuscore stu[MAX]; int i;