aqueous nanofluid as a two-phase coolant for pwr水nanofluid作为两相压水式反应堆的冷却剂.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations Volume 2012, Article ID 214381, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/214381 Research Article Aqueous Nanofluid as a Two-Phase Coolant for PWR Pavel N. Alekseev, Yury M. Semchenkov, and Alexander L. Shimkevich NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russia Correspondence should be addressed to Alexander L. Shimkevich, shall@dhtp.kiae.ru Received 19 May 2012; Revised 28 August 2012; Accepted 11 September 2012 ˇ ˇ Academic Editor: Bostjan Koncar Copyright © 2012 Pavel N. Alekseev et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Density fluctuations in liquid water consist of two topological kinds of instant molecular clusters. The dense ones have helical hydrogen bonds and the nondense ones are tetrahedral clusters with ice-like hydrogen bonds of water molecules. Helical ordering of protons in the dense water clusters can participate in coherent vibrations. The ramified interface of such incompatible structural elements induces clustering impurities in any aqueous solution. These additives can enhance a heat transfer of water as a two-phase coolant for PWR due to natural forming of nanoparticles with a thermal conductivity higher than water. The aqueous nanofluid as a new condensed matter has a great potential for cooling applications. It is a mixture of liquid water and dispersed phase of extremely fine quasi-solid particles usually less than 50 nm in size with the high thermal conductivity. An alternative approach is the formation of gaseous (oxygen or hydrogen) nan