cardiac insulin resistance and microrna modulators心肌胰岛素抵抗和微调节器.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Experimental Diabetes Research Volume 2012, Article ID 654904, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2012/654904 Review Article Cardiac Insulin Resistance and MicroRNA Modulators Lakshmi Pulakat,1, 2, 3, 4 Annayya R. Aroor,1, 3, 4 Rukhsana Gul,1, 3, 4 and James R. Sowers1, 3, 4, 5 1 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA 2 Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA 3 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA 4 Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA 5 Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA Correspondence should be addressed to James R. Sowers, sowersj@ Received 8 July 2011; Accepted 22 July 2011 Academic Editor: Jun Ren Copyright © 2012 Lakshmi Pulakat et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cardiac insulin resistance is a metabolic and functional disorder that is often associated with obesity and/or the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS), and this disorder may be accentuated by chronic alcohol consumption. In conditions of over- nutrition, increased insulin (INS) and angiotensin II (Ang II) activate mammalian target for rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 S6 kinase (S6K1) signaling, whereas chronic alcohol consumption inhibits mTOR/S6K1 activation in cardiac tissue. Although excessive activation o