sex and speciation drosophila reproductive tract proteins— twenty five years later性和物种形成果蝇生殖系统蛋白质- 20五年后.pdf

Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Evolutionary Biology Volume 2012, Article ID 191495, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2012/191495 Review Article Sex and Speciation: Drosophila Reproductive Tract Proteins— Twenty Five Years Later Rama Singh1 and Santosh Jagadeeshan1, 2 1 Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama Correspondence should be addressed to Rama Singh, singh@mcmaster.ca Received 28 June 2012; Accepted 16 September 2012 Academic Editor: Alberto Civetta Copyright © 2012 R. Singh and S. Jagadeeshan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The protein electrophoresis revolution, nearly fifty years ago, provided the first glimpse into the nature of molecular genetic variation within and between species and showed that the amount of genetic differences between newly arisen species was minimal. Twenty years later, 2D electrophoresis showed that, in contrast to general gene-enzyme variation, reproductive tract proteins were less polymorphic within species but highly diverged between species. The 2D results were interesting and revolutionary, but somewhat uninterpretable because, at the time, rapid evolution and selective sweeps were not yet part of the common vocabulary of evolutionary biologists. Since then, genomic studies of sex and reproduction-related (SRR) genes have grown rapidly into a large area of research in evolutionary biology and are shedding light on a number of phenomena. Here we review some of the major and current fields of research that have greatly cont