sex differences in energy metabolism need to be considered with lifestyle modifications in humans性别差异在能量代谢需要考虑与人类生活方式的修改.pdf

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism Volume 2011, Article ID 391809, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2011/391809 Review Article Sex Differences in Energy Metabolism Need to Be Considered with Lifestyle Modifications in Humans Betty N. Wu1 and Anthony J. O’Sullivan1, 2 1 St. George Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 2 Department of Medicine, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to Anthony J. O’Sullivan, a.osullivan@.au Received 1 March 2011; Accepted 3 May 2011 Academic Editor: Andrea Buchholz Copyright © 2011 B. N. Wu and A. J. O’Sullivan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Women have a higher proportion of body fat compared to men. However, women consume fewer kilojoules per kilogram lean mass and burn fat more preferentially during exercise compared with men. During gestation, women store even greater amounts of fat that cannot be solely attributed to increased energy intake. These observations suggest that the relationship between kilojoules consumed and kilojoules utilised is different in men and women. The reason for these sex differences in energy metabolism is not known; however, it may relate to sex steroids, differences in insulin resistance, or metabolic effects of other hormones such as leptin. When considering lifestyle modifications, sex differences in energy metabolism should be considered. Moreover, elucidating the regulatory role of hormones in energy homeostasis is important for understanding the pathogenesis of obesity and perhaps in