some models of reproducing graphs ii age capped vertices一些模型复制图二世年龄上限的顶点.pdf

Applied Mathematics , 2010, 1, 251-259 doi:10.4236/am.2010.14031 Published Online October 2010 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/am) Some Models of Reproducing Graphs: II Age Capped Vertices Richard Southwell, Chris Cannings School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom E-mail : bugzsouthwell@ Received June 26, 2010; revised August 10, 2010; accepted August 12, 2010 Abstract In the prequel to this paper we introduced eight reproducing graph models. The simple idea behind these models is that graphs grow because the vertices within reproduce. In this paper we make our models more realistic by adding the idea that vertices have a finite life span. The resulting models capture aspects of sys- tems like social networks and biological networks where reproducing entities die after some amount of time. In the 1940’s Leslie introduced a population model where the reproduction and survival rates of individuals depends upon their ages. Our models may be viewed as extensions of Leslie’s model-adding the idea of net- work joining the reproducing individuals. By exploiting connections with Leslie’s model we are to describe how many aspects of graphs evolve under our systems. Many features such as degree distributions, number of edges and distance structure are described by the golden ratio or its higher order generalisations. Keywords: Reproduction, Graph, Population, Leslie, Golden Ratio 1. Introduction reasons of conflict, crowding or old age. In this paper we consider age; and extend our models by including vertex Networks are everywhere, wherever a system can