汽车的社会成本与大气污染治理-北京交通大学学报社会科学版.pdfVIP

ISSN 1674-8484 汽车安全与节能学报, 2013 年, 第4 卷 第4 期 02/ 12 CN 11-5904/U J Automotive Safety and Energy, 2013, Vol. 4 No. 4 300 —314 汽车的社会成本与大气污染治理 李春利 （爱知大学 经济学院，名古屋 453-8777，日本国） 摘  要： 本文导入汽车的社会成本这一核心概念，运用经济学关于社会成本和外部性理论及其分析 方法，就汽车社会的负面效应、尤其以PM2.5为代表的大气污染治理政策做一重点分析。该文分析了 汽车使用的社会成本和负外部性问题，从如何使“外部成本内在化”的角度分析环境规制的必要性， 阐明汽车的过度使用所导致大气污染的基本原理；聚焦雾霾与汽车尾气问题，以日本为主要案例，系 统分析了颗粒物（PM）与氮氧化物（NOx）的排放控制历程；以东京治理柴油车尾气污染的政策为例，重 点分析了大城市如何应对颗粒物排放的经验与方法，并对中国政策制定者提出了若干建议。 关键词： 汽车社会；社会成本；外部成本内部化；颗粒物(PM)；PM2.5；NOx 中图分类号： U 46; X 21 文献标志码： A DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.002 Automotive social cost and the regulation on air pollution Li Chunli Faculty of Economics, Aichi University, （ Nagoya 453-8777, Japan ） Abstract: The core concept of automotive social cost was introduced by using the theories and analytical tools of social cost and externality of economics with analyzing the policies for some regulation of air pollution, which have some negative effects of automobiles, and is represented by the treatments over PM 2.5 particles. Some issues related to automotive social cost were analyzed with the negative externality, and the necessity of environmental regulation was elaborated through the perspective of internalizing an externality, with an explanation over the basic rules of air pollution caused by excessive using automobiles, putting focus on hazes and automotive exhausts, and taking a systematic case over Japans process of regulating PM and NOx emissions. A specific discussion was focuse